Artifacts Criteria

Criteria for Identification of
Cahuilla Items Subject to Repatriation

  1. This document is designed for the use of Cahuilla bands participating in the Cahuilla Inter-Tribal Repatriation Committee and by museums and other institutions subject to NAGPRA. It meets a requirement stipulated by the NPS Grant Project Agreement #06-98-GP-152.

    The following information defines the means for identifying materials in collections that may meet the criteria of the NAGPRA legislation.
  2. Criteria Categories
    1. Territorial Maps
    2.  NAGPRA Categories
      1. Human remains & associated grave goods all items meet criteria for repatriation including common household, occupational, or personal belongings
      2. Unassociated grave goods
        1. found together but separated after collection - all items meet criteria for repatriation including common household, occupational, or personal belongings
        2. specific grave goods made or used for that sole purpose but not found with human remains
        3. cremation urns & covers
        4. clay Images
        5. life size "dolls," including masks, created to represent the deceased during ceremonies (nukil mourning ceremony)
        6. burned beads & other burned objects
        7. medicine pouches (leather, hide, plant fiber)
    3. Sacred & ceremonial items
      1. feather skirts, capes, and wands (especially eagle and other raptor feathers)
      2. ceremonial and dance wands (paviut sticks); decorated wood, stone, or metal, often with flaked stone point attached
      3. medicine & curing paraphernalia (small mortars & pestles, pigments, palettes, sucking tubes, containers & pouches, etc.)
      4. ceremonial paraphernalia (small mortars & pestles, pigments, palettes, containers & pouches, toloache bowls, baskets, tobacco etc.)
      5. smoking pipes, ceramic & stone
      6. tobacco baskets (shallow, similar to winnowing baskets; plain undecorated)
      7. hair sticks and hair ties, ornaments
      8. tortoiseshell rattles, deer & sheep hoof rattles, fetlocks, gourd rattles, flutes
      9. peon sticks and other gaming objects (basket trays, etc.)
      10. bird burials (especially raptors)
      11. paxaa hat (long pointed)
      12. crystals, unusual stones
      13. charm stones, amulets
      14. clay Images (paddle shape with eyes)
    4. Items of cultural patrimony (owned by a tribe, clan or lineage)
      1. sacred bundles, shaman's (paxaa or net) bundle (reed woven mat containing feather skirts, capes, wands, paviut wands, and other ceremonial objects)
      2. "money" or exchange material required for ceremonies (shell beads, ceremonial sticks)
      3. ceremonial house remains
      4. large net for rabbit hunts

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Riverside County was separated from San Diego County on March 11, 1983. Cited in California County Boundaries, Owen C. Coy, Ph.D., Valley Publishing, Fresno, 1973. Prior to this date the area of Riverside County was part of San Diego County and old records may designate locations within the traditional use areas of the Cahuilla and Serrano as San Diego County.

View Some other names and spellings used for Cahuilla and Serrano tribes

  1. This document is designed for the use of Cahuilla bands participating in the Cahuilla Inter-Tribal Repatriation Committee and by museums and other institutions subject to NAGPRA. It meets a requirement stipulated by the NPS Grant Project Agreement #06-98-GP-152.

    The following information defines the means for identifying materials in collections that may meet the criteria of the NAGPRA legislation.
  2. Criteria Categories
    1. Territorial Maps
    2.  NAGPRA Categories
      1. Human remains & associated grave goods all items meet criteria for repatriation including common household, occupational, or personal belongings
      2. Unassociated grave goods
        1. found together but separated after collection - all items meet criteria for repatriation including common household, occupational, or personal belongings
        2. specific grave goods made or used for that sole purpose but not found with human remains
        3. cremation urns & covers
        4. clay Images
        5. life size "dolls," including masks, created to represent the deceased during ceremonies (nukil mourning ceremony)
        6. burned beads & other burned objects
        7. medicine pouches (leather, hide, plant fiber)
    3. Sacred & ceremonial items
      1. feather skirts, capes, and wands (especially eagle and other raptor feathers)
      2. ceremonial and dance wands (paviut sticks); decorated wood, stone, or metal, often with flaked stone point attached
      3. medicine & curing paraphernalia (small mortars & pestles, pigments, palettes, sucking tubes, containers & pouches, etc.)
      4. ceremonial paraphernalia (small mortars & pestles, pigments, palettes, containers & pouches, toloache bowls, baskets, tobacco etc.)
      5. smoking pipes, ceramic & stone
      6. tobacco baskets (shallow, similar to winnowing baskets; plain undecorated)
      7. hair sticks and hair ties, ornaments
      8. tortoiseshell rattles, deer & sheep hoof rattles, fetlocks, gourd rattles, flutes
      9. peon sticks and other gaming objects (basket trays, etc.)
      10. bird burials (especially raptors)
      11. paxaa hat (long pointed)
      12. crystals, unusual stones
      13. charm stones, amulets
      14. clay Images (paddle shape with eyes)
    4. Items of cultural patrimony (owned by a tribe, clan or lineage)
      1. sacred bundles, shaman's (paxaa or net) bundle (reed woven mat containing feather skirts, capes, wands, paviut wands, and other ceremonial objects)
      2. "money" or exchange material required for ceremonies (shell beads, ceremonial sticks)
      3. ceremonial house remains
      4. large net for rabbit hunts

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Riverside County was separated from San Diego County on March 11, 1983. Cited in California County Boundaries, Owen C. Coy, Ph.D., Valley Publishing, Fresno, 1973. Prior to this date the area of Riverside County was part of San Diego County and old records may designate locations within the traditional use areas of the Cahuilla and Serrano as San Diego County.

View Some other names and spellings used for Cahuilla and Serrano tribes